The first stomach band was produced by Obtech Medical of Sweden. This band is referred to as the Swedish Adjustable Gastric Band (SAGB), and was inserted during open incision surgery. Later, a US company, Inamed Health, designed the BioEnterics LAP-BAND Adjustable Gastric Banding System. This gastric banding system was introduced in Europe in 1993. When they were first manufactured, neither of these stomach bands were designed to be used with laparoscopic "keyhole" surgery. Then, in 2000, the first lower pressure, wider, one-piece adjustable gastric band was called the MIDband, and was produced in France. This stomach band was designed to be inserted laparoscopically. MIDband quickly become one of the leading bands used in France.
Adjustable gastric banding helps a morbidly obese patient lose weight by restricting the amount of food that can be put into the stomach at one time. With a gastric band around the stomach, the stomach has an hourglass shape, with a small pouch at the top that only holds about 50ml of food. This small pouch usually fills up with food very quickly, convincing the brain that the stomach is full. This message helps the patient to eat smaller portions, which will cause him to consume fewer calories. Even if the patient wants to eat more, the small size of the pouch on the upper stomach can only accommodate a very small amount of food, and excess food that is swallowed will be vomited. From the top stomach pouch, food trickles slowly through the band controlled opening into the lower stomach and then exits as normal into the small intestine.
Stomach banding is generally considered suitable for people who conform to all the following criteria:
(1) Have a Body Mass Index above 40, or those with a BMI 35+ with severe co-morbidities, like high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, arthritis, or mobility problems.
(2) Are aged 18-55 years.
(3) Have tried and failed to lose weight using diets and/or weight-loss drug therapy for longer than one year.
(4)Have a minimum 5 year history of obesity.
(5) Who understand the risks and benefits of the procedure and are strongly motivated to comply with the post-op diet and fitness guidelines necessary for long term weight control.
Gastric banding patients generally lose weight more slowly in the first year than patients who have undergone gastric bypass surgery. However, at five years, many Lap Band patients have achieved weight loss comparable to that of gastric bypass patients. A two pound per week loss is possible in the first year with gastric banding, but one pound per week is more likely . Because losing more than 1-2 pounds per week is considered unhealthy, gastric banding may be considered one of the most healthy surgical solutions for weight loss in morbidly obese patients.
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